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Earth's Missing Ingredient (preview)

Scientific American Online - Thu, 2010-06-03 13:00

The deepest hole humans have ever dug reaches 12 kilometers below the ground of Russia’s Kola Peninsula. Although we now have a spacecraft on its way to Pluto--about six billion kilometers away from the sun--we still cannot send a probe into the deep earth. For practical purposes, then, the center of the planet, which lies 6,380 kilometers below us, is farther away than the edge of our solar system. In fact, Pluto was discovered in 1930, and the existence of the earth’s inner core was not established--using seismological data--until six years later.

Still, earth scientists have gained a surprising amount of insight about our planet. We know it is roughly structured like an onion, with the core, mantle and crust forming concentric layers. The mantle constitutes about 85 percent of the earth’s volume, and its slow stirring drives the geologic cataclysms of the crust. This middle domain is mainly a mix of silicon, iron, oxygen, magnesium--each of which appears in roughly the same concentrations throughout the mantle--plus smaller amounts of other elements. But depending on the depth, these elements combine into different types of minerals. Thus, the mantle is itself divided into concentric layers, with different minerals predominating at different depths.

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Encourage Walking with Urban Planning

Scientific American Online - Thu, 2010-06-03 11:30

Most of us don’t think twice about getting behind the wheel even for short hops to pick up some milk. And that’s not just because cars are convenient, or because we’re lazy. According to Andrew Furman of Ryerson University in Toronto [ http://bit.ly/dr76ot ], it’s because in many places in North America it’s just not that nice to walk. But if cities and suburbs put more effort into building better pedestrian routes, he says more people might leave their SUVs at home. [More]

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Afghan elders back peace moves with Taliban

Reuters - Thu, 2010-06-03 09:27
KABUL (Reuters) - Afghan tribal leaders and other notables agreed at a peace meeting Thursday that an opening had to be made to Taliban insurgents because neither foreign forces nor the Afghan army had been able to ensure security, the deputy head of the conference said.


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French bid for euro zone "government" gains ground

Reuters - Thu, 2010-06-03 07:32
BRUSSELS/PARIS (Reuters) - French-inspired plans to create an "economic government" for the euro zone took a step forward on Wednesday when European Council President Herman Van Rompuy threw his weight behind the idea.


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Scientists' frustration with frustration at an end

Science A GoGo - Thu, 2010-06-03 07:10
Frustration, the term used to describe a system's interacting components when they cannot settle into a state that minimizes each interaction, has been extremely difficult to study because even systems with few components have interactions so complex that they cannot be modeled effectively on even the most powerful computers. Now, however, a team of researchers has simulated frustration in a quantum system in a precisely controllable experimental arrangement. The breakthrough should provide new insights into a host of puzzling phenomena that affect systems from neural networks and social structures to protein folding and magnetism...
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Republicans risk Latino ire with hard line on migrants

Reuters - Thu, 2010-06-03 07:03
TUCSON, Arizona (Reuters) - When he ran for U.S. president two years ago, Republican John McCain told town hall meetings across the United States that illegal immigrants were "all God's children."


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G20 aims to reduce red ink and keep recovery on track

Reuters - Thu, 2010-06-03 04:48
BUSAN, South Korea (Reuters) - Disagreements over how quickly to reduce billowing budget deficits and restore balance to the global economy risk straining high-level Group of 20 talks that started on Thursday.


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Turks mourn dead as Israel offers probe

Reuters - Thu, 2010-06-03 03:48
JERUSALEM (Reuters) - Angry Turks mourned activists killed in Israel's seizure of a Gaza-bound aid ship, as Israel sought Thursday to deflect U.N. demands for an international inquiry by offering its own probe with outside observers.


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The Big Dozen: 12 Events That Will Change Everything

Scientific American Online - Thu, 2010-06-03 03:40

Scientific American magazine Editor in Chief Mariette DiChristina and news editor Philip Yam join podcast host Steve Mirsky (pictured) to talk about the cover story of the June issue of the magazine, "12 Events That Will Change Everything". [More]

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Texas police seize 147 Mexico-bound AK-47 rifles

Reuters - Thu, 2010-06-03 02:22
NUEVO LAREDO, Mexico (Reuters) - Police in a Texas city just north of the Mexican border said on Wednesday they had seized 147 assault rifles apparently headed for Mexico, where tens of thousands of people have been killed by violent drug gangs.


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BP cuts ruptured oil pipe

Reuters - Thu, 2010-06-03 01:53
VENICE, Louisiana (Reuters) - BP cleared the way on Thursday for an attempt to cap the runaway oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico and funnel escaping crude to the surface in a high-stakes bid to slow the 45-day-old undersea gusher.


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Japan PM race tightens

Reuters - Thu, 2010-06-03 01:24
TOKYO/WAKAYAMA, Japan (Reuters) - The race to pick a new Japanese leader tightened on Thursday after a report that a group loyal to a party powerbroker was backing a little-known rival to fiscally conservative Finance Minister Naoto Kan.


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BP overcomes snag in bid to curb spill

Reuters - Thu, 2010-06-03 00:45
VENICE, Louisiana (Reuters) - BP Plc overcame a snag in its latest effort to curb the Gulf of Mexico oil spill as the British energy giant's shares stabilized on Wednesday and parts of the huge oil slick crept near Florida.


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Obama extends benefits for gay federal employees

Reuters - Wed, 2010-06-02 23:22
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - President Barack Obama on Wednesday expanded benefits for same-sex partners of federal employees, a move likely to be welcomed by gay rights activists who have questioned his commitment to their causes.


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S.Korea hesitates bringing sea attack to U.N. council

Reuters - Wed, 2010-06-02 22:15
UNITED NATIONS (Reuters) - South Korea is ready to ask the U.N. Security Council to censure North Korea for allegedly torpedoing a South Korean warship but is waiting for the "best time," a South Korean official said on Wednesday.


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Congress Ponders How to Push Electric Vehicles

Scientific American Online - Wed, 2010-06-02 21:30

Lawmakers have floated a proposal to fast-track electric cars , but some in the clean-car field are worried that the wheels may fall off.

Last week, House and Senate legislators released bipartisan plans to speed up the deployment of electric vehicles. In each plan, the centerpiece was a "targeted deployment" approach: Rather than offer the same incentives nationwide, the government would award federal funds to the regions that come up with the best blueprints for rolling out tens of thousands of plug-in cars.

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Taking Stock in Diversity: Species with a Varied Population "Portfolio" Thrive

Scientific American Online - Wed, 2010-06-02 20:10

For at least 50 years Alaska's Bristol Bay has been one of the most valuable fisheries in the U.S. On average, fishermen net about 25 million sockeye salmon annually in the bay's chilly waters. In 2009 the catch was worth more than $120 million. [More]

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AT&T to end unlimited use mobile data plan

Reuters - Wed, 2010-06-02 18:44
NEW YORK (Reuters) - AT&T Inc will stop offering an unlimited pricing plan for new subscribers to its mobile data services, in a move it says will cut prices for as many as 98 percent of its customers.


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Student squid cruise comes to a close

Scientific American Online - Wed, 2010-06-02 18:30

Editor's Note: William Gilly , a professor of cell and developmental biology and marine and organismal biology at Stanford University, is traveling with a group of students on board the Don José in the Sea of Cortez. The team is monitoring and tracking Humboldt squid and sperm whales in their watery habitats. This is the group's 10th and final blog post. [More]

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2010 hurricane season seen more active than feared

Reuters - Wed, 2010-06-02 18:26
MIAMI (Reuters) - The 2010 Atlantic hurricane season will be even more active than feared, leading U.S. forecasters said on Wednesday as they predicted 10 hurricanes, five of them major, with a 76 percent likelihood that a major hurricane would hit the U.S. coastline.


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